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inetutils
iputils including ping and tracepath (and traceroute)
iproute2 (and netstat)
tcpdump and pcap files
nmap suite including ncat (and netcat/nc)
BIND (including dig, nslookup and host)
whois
/etc/hosts and dnsmasq
git
email
rsync
Secure SHell (ssh)
Network File System (NFS)
iptables and ufw (uncomplicated firewall)
WireGuard and OpenVPN
Merkel trees
eg nmap 192.168.0.0/24
can do nmap -sn to skip port scanning
netcat (nc) is an alternative to ncat. Not needed if have nmap suite.
used to connect to addresses using TCP or UDP can be used as back end by other programs