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inetutils
iputils including ping and tracepath (and traceroute)
iproute2 (and netstat)
tcpdump and pcap files
nmap suite including ncat (and netcat/nc)
BIND (including dig, nslookup and host)
whois
/etc/hosts and dnsmasq
git
email
rsync
Secure SHell (ssh)
Network File System (NFS)
iptables and ufw (uncomplicated firewall)
WireGuard and OpenVPN
Merkel trees
/etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost #Can route an actual website 0.0.0.0 example.org
The following in the following file will allow traffic to google.com and block everything else.
/etc/dnsmasq.conf address=/google.com/ address=/#/0.0.0.0