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The integers
The rational numbers
Algebraic numbers
Complex numbers
Infinite sequences and limits
Solving quadratic polynomials
Solving cubic polynomials: Solving depressed cubic equations and reducing to depressed cubic form
Elliptic curves and finite-field elliptic curves
Generating functions
Diophantine equations
Solving systems of linear equations
Inverting matrices
Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, decomposition and operations
Arthmetic/geometric mean inequality, Shur's inequality and Muirhead's inequality